Ideology in Science Textbooks for Japanese Students in East Asian Colonies: Focusing on Plant Species that Appear in Manchuria Textbooks

Masafumi Ikeda; Masaya Yamamoto

doi:10.29333/ejmste/9757

Full Text (PDF)

Masafumi Ikeda ¹ ^* , Masaya Yamamoto ¹

More Detail

¹ Hyogo University of Teacher Education, JAPAN^* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Colonial education worldwide has relied on various concepts, from trying to mirror the content of the sovereign country to developing unique content pertaining to the colonies themselves. In this paper, we examined the nature of colonial education for the Japanese in northeast China (“Manchuria”) during the colonial period from the viewpoint of the kinds of plants that were the subject of science textbooks. We categorized land plants based on their distribution range and/or usage and quantitatively evaluated their appearance frequencies. We found that useful plants appeared most frequently in the textbooks, suggesting a specific agricultural policy intent. From the perspective of species distribution, plant taxa that are distributed across both Japan and Manchuria frequently appeared, whereas only three Japanese endemic species were cited. Our study suggests the goal of educating students who were likely to be accepted in both the colony and the sovereign state.

Keywords

colonization
elementary school
History of education
flora
Manchuria

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed, Volume 17, Issue 3, March 2021, Article No: em1947

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/9757

Publication date: 07 Mar 2021

Article Views: 2085

Article Downloads: 1623

Open Access Disclosures References How to cite this article

Disclosure

Declaration of Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest is declared by author(s).

Data sharing statement: Data supporting the findings and conclusions are available upon request from the corresponding author(s).

References

Funakoshi, R. (2017). Kindai nihon no ishokuminseisaku to kokuminkyoiku wo meguru kokugo oyobi nihongo kyokasho no kenkyu: nihon beikoku “manshu” no kyokasho hensan jijo to kyozai sairoku no arikata wo chusin ni [A Study on Modern Japanese Transplantation Policy and National Education in the Japanese Language Arts and Japanese education Textbooks: Japan, the U.S., and “Manchuria” with a focus on textbook editing and textbook accessioning]. Tokyo Gakugei University. http://hdl.handle.net/2309/147695
Hall, A. R. (2004). Constructing a ‘Manchurian’ Identity: Japanese Education in Manchukuo, 1931-1945. University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved from http://d-scholarship.pitt.ed-u/id/eprint/10386
Ikeda, M., & Kurokawa, M. (2020). The act of Japanese language arts in Manchukuo: from the perspective of the local education. The Journal of Educational Research, 25, 1-11. (In Japanese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.20677/csssej.25.0_1
Ikeda, M., & Kurokawa, M. (2021). The phase of folktales in colonial “Japanese language arts” textbooks: Focusing on Manchuria and Korea under Japanese Rule. The Science of Reading, 62(2), 70-84. (In Japanese with English Abstract).
Inoue, K. (2016). The relationship between science textbooks in colonial Korea and agricultural education policy in the textbooks: Centering on mentions of “rice” until the mid-1930s. Reviews of Historical Studies of Colonial Education, 19, 12-21. (In Japanese).
Inoue, M. (1998). Teaching Material of National Flowers of Sakura in Japan and Mugunghwa (Althaea) in Korea. The Journal of the Clinical Research Center for Child Development and Educational Practices, 8, 17-19. (In Japanese).
Isoda, K. (1999). Mikuni no Sugata wo otte: Kyokasho ni Miru Shokuminchi Kyoiku Bunkashi [Pursuing the textbook The Shape of the Imperial State: The history of colonial education and culture as seen in textbooks] (1st ed.), Kouseisha press, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Iwasaki, T. (2007). Goals and viewpoints of colonial science textbooks for Korean elementary schools. Reviews of Historical Studies of Colonial Education, 10, 13-18. (In Japanese).
Kinoshita, T. (1932). Shin manshu ni okeru nihonjin no kyoiku [Education for the Japanese in New Manchuria]. Gakushu kenkyu [Learning Research], 11(5), 39-49. (In Japanese).
Kita, Y. (2003). Manshu shoka yo mou ichido [Again, Manchuria songs]. Sankei Simbun press, Osaka. (In Japanese).
Kitamura, S., & Murata, G. (1957). Coloured illustrations of herbaceous plants of Japan (Vol. 1). Hoikusha press, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Kitamura, S., & Murata, G. (1964a). Coloured illustrations of herbaceous plants of Japan (Vol. 2). Hoikusha press, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Kitamura, S., & Murata, G. (1964b). Coloured illustrations of herbaceous plants of Japan (Vol. 3). Hoikusha press, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Kitamura, S., & Murata, G. (1971). Coloured illustrations of woody plants of Japan (Vol. 1). Hoikusha press, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Kitamura, S., & Murata, G. (1979). Coloured illustrations of woody plants of Japan (Vol. 2). Hoikusha press, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Komarov, V. L. (1901). Flora of Manchuria. Petersburg: Academy of Sciences of USSR. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12072
Kwantung Bureau of Academic Affairs (1943). Zai man nihonjin kyoiku shisetsu yoran [A compendium of educational facilities for Japanese in Manchuria]. Toa Press., Dailen. (In Japanese).
Mart, Ç. T. (2011). British colonial education policy in Africa. Internal Journal of English and Literature, 2, 190-194. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL.9000013
Maruyama, E. (1932). Kongo no manshu kyoiku wo dousuru ka (What to do with the future of education in Manchuria?). Nanmankyoiku (South Manchuria Education), 119, 59-67. (In Japanese)
Matsuo, E. (2017). Hito to shokubutsu no kakawari wo saguru 14: fukkatsusai no siroyuri “Easter lily” toiu eigomei wo moratta teppoyuri [Exploring the relationship between people and plants, Part 14: “Teppo yuri”, which received the English name Easter lily]. Agriculture and Horticulture, 9211, 950-958. (In Japanese). Retrieved from https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010920134
Miki, K. (2013). A study of the relationship between the South Manchurian Railway and freight shipments of soybeans in Manchuria before the 1920s. Japanese Journal of Human Geography, 65, 107-128. (In Japanese with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.65.2_107
Nagata, E. (2000). Jitsugyoteki Rika, Sagyoteki Rika no Nijusei: Chosen Sotokufu Shoto Rika Sho, Shoto Rika to Mombusho Shotouka Rika no Kyozaikan [The Duplication of Practical Science and Working Science: Elementary Science Book and Elementary Science by the Korean Government and Elementary Science by the Japanese Ministry of Education]. Reviews of Historical Studies of Colonial Education, 3, 98-118. (In Japanese).
Nomura, A. (1995). A Committee to Compile a Collection of Dr. Nomura’s Works., “Manshu, Manshukoku” Kyoiku Kenkyu Josetsu [An Introduction to the History of Education in Manchuria and Manchukuo: A Collection of Manuscripts] (1st ed.). Tokyo: MT Shuppan press. (In Japanese).
Oguma, E. (2017a). The Boundaries of ‘the Japanese’: Okinawa 1818-1972, Inclusion and Exclusion (L. Stickland, Trans.). Tokyo: Trans Pacific Press. (Original work published 1998).
Oguma, E. (2017b). The Boundaries of ‘the Japanese’: Korea, Taiwan and the Ainu 1868-1945 (L. Stickland, Trans.). Tokyo: Trans Pacific Press. (Original work published 1998).
Ohashi, H., Kadota, Y., Murata, J., Yonekura, K., & Kihara, H. (2015). Wild flowers of Japan (Revised new edition, Vol. 1). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Ohashi, H., Kadota, Y., Murata, J., Yonekura, K., & Kihara, H. (2016a). Wild flowers of Japan (Revised new edition, Vol. 2). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Ohashi, H., Kadota, Y., Murata, J., Yonekura, K., & Kihara, H. (2016b). Wild flowers of Japan (Revised new edition, Vol. 3). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Ohashi, H., Kadota, Y., Murata, J., Yonekura, K., & Kihara, H. (2017a). Wild flowers of Japan (Revised new edition, Vol. 4). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Ohashi, H., Kadota, Y., Murata, J., Yonekura, K., & Kihara, H. (2017b). Wild flowers of Japan (Revised new edition, Vol. 5). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Oishi, A. (2017). Expansion of Early Childhood Education in Manchuria: The Case of Kindergartens Managed by the South Manchuria Railway Company. The Journal of Historical Studies in Early Childhood Education and Care, 12, 13-27. (In Japanese with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.20658/youjikyoikushi.12.0_13
Satake, Y., Hara, H., Watari, S., & Tomari, T. (1981). Wild flowers of Japan, herbaceous plants (Vol. 3). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Satake, Y., Hara, H., Watari, S., & Tomari, T. (1982a). Wild flowers of Japan, herbaceous plants (Vol. 1). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Satake, Y., Hara, H., Watari, S., & Tomari, T. (1982b). Wild flowers of Japan, herbaceous plants (Vol. 2). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Satake, Y., Hara, H., Watari, S., & Tomari, T. (1989a). Wild flowers of Japan, woody plants (Vol. 1). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Satake, Y., Hara, H., Watari, S., & Tomari, T. (1989b). Wild flowers of Japan, woody plants (Vol. 2). Tokyo: Heibonsha Press. (In Japanese).
Shimada, M. (1935). Gouka kyoujuron [Integrated Learning]. Nanmankyoiku (South Manchuria Education), 150, 23-30. (In Japanese).
South Manchuria Education Association (1930). Manshu rika gakushu cho kaishusei iken [Opinions on revising Manchuria Science Learning Notebooks]. Nanmankyoiku (South Manchuria Education), 88, 55-56. (In Japanese).
Sweeting, B., & Vickers, E. (2007). Language and the History of Colonial Education: the case of Hong Kong. Modern Asian Studies, 40, 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X04001635
Takano, U. (1932). Jinni gakkyu keiei an [The classroom management plan for second grade students]. Nanmankyoiku (South Manchuria Education), 113, 28-43. (In Japanese).
Takenaka, K. (2000a). Manshu ni okeru Kyoiku no Kisoteki Kenkyu 4 [A basic study of education in Manchuria Vol. 4]. Tokyo: Kouseisha Press. (In Japanese).
Takenaka, K. (2000b). Siryo kaidai (Explanation of the resources). In K. Isoda, M. Tsukinoki, K. Takenaka, & B. Kim (Eds.), Zai man nihonjin you kyokasho shusei dai 10 kan [A series of textbooks for Japanese in Manchuria Vol. 10] (pp. 302-310). Tokyo: Kashiwa Shobou Press. (In Japanese).
Takenaka, K. (2019). Manshu kyoikushi ronju [Manchurian Educational History Review]. Tokyo: Ryokuin Shobou Press. (In Japanese).
Ugajin, H. (2017). The Place of the “Manshu Hoju Tokuhon (Manchurian Sub-reader)” in the execution of Japanese language education in Manchuria. Annual Review of Historical Studies of Colonial Education Reviews of Historical Studies of Colonial Education, 20, 106-126. (In Japanese).
Wang, W. (2019). Training national and vocational women: characteristics of curriculum of female secondary education in colonized Manchuria. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 3, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2019/v3i3-30099
White, B. W. (1996). Talk about school: education and the colonial project in French and British Africa, (1860-1960). Comparative Education, 32, 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050069628902
Yagibashi, Y. (1987). Ishimori Nobuo Sensei to Kokugo Kyokasho (Professor Ishimori N and Japanese textbooks). In: N. Ishimori, Ishinomori Nobuo’s Selected Works on Japanese Language Arts (Vol. 5). Tokyo: Mitsumuratosho Press. (In Japanese).

How to cite this article

APA

Ikeda, M., & Yamamoto, M. (2021). Ideology in Science Textbooks for Japanese Students in East Asian Colonies: Focusing on Plant Species that Appear in Manchuria Textbooks. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 17(3), em1947. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/9757

Vancouver

Ikeda M, Yamamoto M. Ideology in Science Textbooks for Japanese Students in East Asian Colonies: Focusing on Plant Species that Appear in Manchuria Textbooks. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed. 2021;17(3):em1947. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/9757

AMA

Ikeda M, Yamamoto M. Ideology in Science Textbooks for Japanese Students in East Asian Colonies: Focusing on Plant Species that Appear in Manchuria Textbooks. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed. 2021;17(3), em1947. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/9757

Chicago

Ikeda, Masafumi, and Masaya Yamamoto. "Ideology in Science Textbooks for Japanese Students in East Asian Colonies: Focusing on Plant Species that Appear in Manchuria Textbooks". Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 2021 17 no. 3 (2021): em1947. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/9757

Harvard

Ikeda, M., and Yamamoto, M. (2021). Ideology in Science Textbooks for Japanese Students in East Asian Colonies: Focusing on Plant Species that Appear in Manchuria Textbooks. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 17(3), em1947. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/9757

MLA

Ikeda, Masafumi et al. "Ideology in Science Textbooks for Japanese Students in East Asian Colonies: Focusing on Plant Species that Appear in Manchuria Textbooks". Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, vol. 17, no. 3, 2021, em1947. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/9757